Organic farming is a form of agriculture that excludes the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides (CREATED AROZAWATO PUTRA KUSUMA GEA)

Chapter. I Antecedent A. Background The existing healthy life culture has become compulsion. At least for middle circle upward. Consumes organic crop is correct answer. Organic farming is avoiding agro product system or hardly limits chemistry fertiliser use ( factory), pesticide, herbicide, regulator matter grows and feed additive. Crop conducting with vision of area of is an agriculture conducting planned executed and by paying attention to characters, condition and environment continuity, thereby natural resources in environment can be exploited as good as possible so that damage and retrogression of avoidable area and preserves natural resources useful power and environment. B. Purpose of This handing out aim to explain to procedures readers in farming organic crop. C. Writing Method Writing method applied is book study method. Method is a method with looking or collects sources/data which is relevant from my books/internet. D. Writing Systematic Way  Chapter I. Antecedent contains about Background, Purpose, Research Method and Writing Systematic Way  Chapter II. Farming Organic  Chapter III. Function  Chapter IV. Conclusion II. FARMING ORGANIC A. Definition Organic farming is a form of agriculture that excludes the use of synthetic fertilizers and pesticides, plant growth regulators, livestock feed additives, and genetically modified organisms. As far as possible, organic farmers rely on crop rotation, green manure, compost, biological pest control, and mechanical cultivation to maintain soil productivity and control pests. Since 1990 the market for organic products has grown at a rapid pace, averaging 20-25 percent per year to reach $33 billion in 2005. This demand has driven a similar increase in organically managed farmland. Approximately 306,000 square kilometres (30.6 million hectares) worldwide are now farmed organically, representing approximately 2% of total world farmland. In addition, as of 2005 organic wild products are farmed on approximately 62 million hectares (IFOAM 2007:10). Organic agricultural methods are internationally regulated and legally enforced by many nations, based in large part on the standards set by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements, an international umbrella organization for organic organizations established in 1972. The overarching goal of organic farming is defined as follows: "The role of organic agriculture, whether in farming, processing, distribution, or consumption, is to sustain and enhance the health of ecosystems and organisms from the smallest in the soil to human beings." B. History The organic movement began in the 1930s and 1940s as a reaction to agriculture's growing reliance on synthetic fertilizers. Artificial fertilizers had been created during the 18th century, initially with superphosphates and then ammonia derived fertilizers mass-produced using the Haber-Bosch process developed during World War I. These early fertilizers were cheap, powerful, and easy to transport in bulk. The 1940s has been referred to as the 'pesticide era'. Sir Albert Howard is widely considered to be the father of organic farming. Rudolf Steiner , a German philosopher, made important strides in the earliest organic theory with his biodynamic agriculture. More work was done by J.I. Rodale in the United States, Lady Eve Balfour in the United Kingdom, and many others across the world. As a percentage of total agricultural output, organic farming has remained tiny since its beginning. As environmental awareness and concern increased, the originally supply-driven movement became demand-driven. Standardized certification brought premium prices, and in some cases government subsidies attracted many farmers into converting. In the developing world, many farmers farm according to traditional methods but are not certified. In other cases, farmers in the developing world have converted out of necessity. As a proportion of total global agricultural output, organic output remains small, but it has been growing rapidly in many countries, notably in Europe. C.Methods

Organic cultivation of mixed vegetables in Capay, California. Note the hedgerow in the background. "An organic farm, properly speaking, is not one that uses certain methods and substances and avoids others; it is a farm whose structure is formed in imitation of the structure of a natural system that has the integrity, the independence and the benign dependence of an organism" —Wendell Berry, "The Gift of Good Land" The term holistic is often used to describe organic farming, Enhancing soil health is the cornerstone of organic farming. A variety of methods are employed, including crop rotation, green manure, cover cropping, application of compost, and mulching. Organic farmers also use certain processed fertilizers such as seed meal, and various mineral powders such as rock phosphate and greensand, a naturally occurring form of potash. These methods help to control erosion, promote biodiversity, and enhance the health of the soil. Pest control targets animal pests (including insects), fungi, weeds and disease. Organic pest control involves the cumulative effect of many techniques, including, allowing for an acceptable level of pest damage, encouraging or even introducing beneficial organisms, careful crop selection and crop rotation, and mechanical controls such as row covers and traps. These techniques generally provide benefits in addition to pest control—soil protection and improvement, fertilization, pollination, water conservation, season extension, etc.—and these benefits are both complementary and cumulative in overall effect on farm health . Effective organic pest control requires a thorough understanding of pest life cycles and interactions. Weeds are controlled mechanically, thermically and through the use of covercrops and mulches. D. Genetically modified organisms A key characteristic of organic farming is rejection of genetically engineered products, including plants and animals. On October 19, 1998, participants at IFOAM's 12th Scientific Conference of IFOAM) issued the Mar del Plata Declaration, where more than 600 delegates from over 60 countries voted unanimously to exclude the use of genetically modified organisms in food production and agriculture. From this point, it became widely recognized that GMOs are categorically excluded from organic farming. Despite this vehement opposition to use of any transgenic technologies in organic farming, agricultural researchers such as Luis Herrera-Estrella & Ariel Alvarez-Morales continue to advocate integration of transgenic technologies into organic farming as the optimal means to sustainable agriculture, particularly in the developing world. Although GMOs are excluded from use in organic farming, there is concern that the pollen from genetically modified crops is increasingly contaminating organic and heirloom genetics making it difficult, if not impossible, to keep these genetics from entering the organic food supply. International trade restrictions limit the availability GMOs to certain countries. The actual dangers that genetic modification could pose to the environment or, supposedly, individual health, are hotly contended. See GM food controversy. E. Pesticides Due to the increased concern for the risk to human health, as well as the recent and ongoing development of pesticide resistance, need to reduce use of pesticides is well recognised but implementation for reduction and elimination of pesticide is technologically very difficult. Most organic farm products use reduced pesticide claim but very few manage to eliminate the use of pesticide entirely. While organic farming can, with extra cost, easily substitute chemical fertilizer with organic one, finding an alternative method for eliminating weed as well as insect which feast on crop is difficult. One obvious solution is to create pest resistant GM crop which is anathema to organic farming movement. One natural method to counter pesticide is introduce natural predator in place of pesticide, which has various control issue. Another method is crop rotation which restrict expansion of insect population. For weed elimination, traditional method was to remove weed by hand, which is still practised in developing countries by small scale farmers. However, this is found to be too costly in developed countries with high labour cost. One recent innovation in rice farming is to introduce duck and fish to wet paddy field, which eat both weed and insect. F. Productivity and Profitability A 2006 study suggests that converted organic farms have lower pre-harvest yields than their conventional counterparts in developed countries (92%) and that organic farms have higher pre-harvest yields than their low-intensity counterparts in developing countries (132%). The researcher attributes this to a relative lack of expensive fertilizers and pesticides in the developing world compared to the intensive, subsidy-driven farming of the developed world. Nonetheless, the researcher purposely avoids making the claim that organic methods routinely outperform green-revolution (conventional) methods. This study incorporated a 1990 review of 205 crop comparisons which found that organic crops had 91% of conventional yields. A major US survey published in 2001, analyzed results from 150 growing seasons for various crops and concluded that organic yields were 95-100% of conventional yields. Lotter (2003:10) reports that repeated studies have found that organic farms withstand severe weather conditions better than conventional farms, sometimes yielding 70-90% more than conventional farms during droughts. A 22-year farm trial study by Cornell University published in 2005 concluded that organic farming produces the same corn and soybean yields as conventional methods over the long-term averages, but consumed less energy and used zero pesticides. The results were attributed to lower yields in general but higher yields during drought years. A study of 1,804 organic farms in Central American hit by Hurricane Mitch in 1998 found that the organic farms sustained the damage much better, retaining 20 to 40% more topsoil and smaller economic losses at highly significant levels than their neighbors. On the other hand, a prominent 21-year Swiss study found an average of 20% lower organic yields over conventional, along with 50% lower expenditure on fertilizer and energy, and 97% less pesticides. A long-term study by U.S Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service (ARS) scientists concluded that, contrary to widespread belief, organic farming can build up soil organic matter better than conventional no-till farming, which suggests long-term yield benefits from organic farming. While organic farms have lower yields, organic methods require no synthetic fertilizer and pesticides. The decreased cost on those inputs, along with the premiums which consumers pay for organic produce, create higher profits for organic farmers. Organic farms have been consistently found to be as or more profitable than conventional farms with premiums included, but without premiums profitability is mixed (Lotter 2003:11). Welsh (1999) reports that organic farmers are more profitable in the drier states of the United States, likely due to their superior drought performance. G. Capacity building Organic agriculture can contribute to meaningful socio-economic and ecologically sustainable development, especially in poorer countries. On one hand, this is due to the application of organic principles, which means efficient management of local resources (e.g. local seed varieties, manure, etc.) and therefore cost-effectiveness. On the other hand, the market for organic products – at local and international level – has tremendous growth prospects and offers creative producers and exporters in the South excellent opportunities to improve their income and living conditions. Organic Agriculture is a very knowledge intensive production system. Therefore capacity building efforts play a central role in this regard. There are many efforts all around the world regarding the development of training material and the organization of training courses related to Organic Agriculture. Big parts of existing knowledge is still scattered and not easy accessible. Especially in Developing Countries this situation remains an important constraint for the growth of the organic sector. For that reason, the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements created an Internet Training Platform whose objective is to become the global reference point for Organic Agriculture training through free access to high quality training materials and training programs on Organic Agriculture. In November 2007, the Training Platform hosted more than 170 free manuals and 75 training opportunities. Chapter. III Function A. Health Risk Organic farms use few pesticides although they are allowed to use some natural ones. The main three are Bt, pyrethrum and rotenone. However, surveys have found that fewer than 10% of organic farmers use these pesticides regularly; one survey found that only 5.3% of vegetable growers in California use rotenone while 1.7% use pyrethrum (Lotter 2003:26). Nevertheless, rotenone has been linked to Parkinson's in rats and can be considered toxic to humans (Lotter 2003:26). B. Children’s Health Some parents are concerned about the potential neurological health risks posed to children by trace pesticide residues in food. A 2001 study demonstrated that children fed organic diets experienced significantly lower organophosphorus pesticide exposure than children fed conventional diets. A similar study in 2006 measured the levels of organophosphorus pesticide exposure in 23 preschool children before and after replacing their diet with organic food: levels of organophosphorus pesticide exposure dropped dramatically and immediately when the children switched to an organic diet. Although the researchers did not collect health outcome data in this study, they concluded "it is intuitive to assume that children whose diets consist of organic food items would have a lower probability of neurologic health risks." C. Food Quality Healthy soils equals healthy food equals healthy people is a basic tenet of many organic farming systems. There is extensive scientific research being carried out in Switzerland at over 200 farms to determine differences in the quality of organic food products compared to conventional in addition to other tests. The FiBL scientific research institute states that "organic products stand out as having higher levels of secondary plant compounds and vitamin C. In the case of milk and meat, the fatty acid profile is often better from a nutritional point of view. As far as carbohydrates and minerals, organic products are no different from conventional products. However, in regard to undesirables such as nitrate and pesticide residues, organic products have a clear advantage. A recent study found that organically grown produce has double the flavonoids, an important antioxidant. A 2007 study found that organically grown kiwi fruits had more antioxidants than conventional kiwi. A study which isolated clear health benefits from eating organic foods was published in 2007. D. Nutrient Leaching Excess nutrients in lakes, rivers, and groundwater can cause algal blooms, eutrophication, and subsequent dead zones. In addition, nitrates are harmful to aquatic organisms by themselves. The main contributor to this pollution is nitrate fertilizers whose use is expected to "double or almost triple by 2050". Researchers at the United States National Academy of Sciences found that that organically fertilizing fields "significantly [reduces] harmful nitrate leaching" over conventionally fertilized fields: "annual nitrate leaching was 4.4-5.6 times higher in conventional plots than organic plots". Scientists believe that the large dead zone in the Gulf of Mexico is caused in large part by agricultural pollution: a combination of fertilizer runoff and livestock manure runoff. A study by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) found that over half of the nitrogen released into the Gulf comes from agriculture. The economic cost of this for fishermen may be large, as they must travel far from the coast to find fish. At the 2000 IFOAM Conference, researchers presented a study of nitrogen leaching into the Danube River. They found that nitrogen runoff was substantially lower among organic farms and suggested that the external cost could be internalized by charging 1 euro per kg of nitrogen released. A 2005 study published in Nature found a strong link between agricultural runoff and algae blooms in California. IV. Conclusion A. Conclusion Based on above article, hence inferential that: 1. Organic crop good for health, safe consumed and its content enough good. 2. Area of protected from damage as result of usage of chemical matters. 3. Increases resilience of crop to attack a number of organisms of crop intruder. 4. Increases antagonistic microorganism activity which able to assist increasing soil fertility. 5. Prevents erosion. 6. Increases agricultural produce taste goal. 7. Increases nutrition content. 8. Increases fruit texture. 9. Increased holding time.

police: Teenager held 2 years escapes captors WASHINGTON PARK, Ill. (AP) — A teen girl reported missing more than two years ago told police she escaped a home in southwestern Illinois where she had been held captive and repeatedly sexually assaulted. Authorities in Washington Park, a village next to East St. Louis, raided the house Thursday afternoon and took into custody a 24-year-old man and his mother. They also recovered the teen's young child, which the girl said was the result of rape by her captor. Washington Park Police Chief David Clark said they believe the man's mother aided the crimes. Police would not identify either of them by name because they had not been charged as of early Friday. About two dozen members of a SWAT team wearing helmets and body armor swarmed the home with assault rifles drawn. They recovered the child and arrested a man and his mother. One officer carried the child from the home, shielding the toddler with a sheet. The child was then taken away in an ambulance. Police in St. Louis, Mo., had listed the girl as a missing or runaway juvenile in April 2010. She was 15 when she disappeared. The teen told police she was held against her will and was beaten and sexually assaulted almost every day. She reported trying to escape several times but told police that her captor chased her down each time and forced her back to the home at gunpoint. She told police she was able to escape this week with the help of a relative. Police said the teen also told them she was forced by the man and his mother to give a false name in medical records during her pregnancy and when the child was born. A neighbor, Lakeitha Smith, told several local TV stations that she saw the girl from time to time outside the house and never witnessed anything that would raise concern. "I used to see her come out of the house, back and forth," Smith said. "I didn't think she was being held hostage in the house."

CHOICE

YOU HAVE A CHOICE TO EITHER UPLIFT SOMEBODY OR PUT SOMEONE DOWN. YOU EITHER HAVE THE CHOICE TO STEP TOWARDS YOUR GOALS AND DREAMS OR TO STEP AWAY GOING TO TEMPORARY THINGS. YOU HAVE A CHOICE TO GIVE UP OR KEEP GOING GIVE UP OR GET UP???????????? WHEN YOU FAIL, TRY AGAIN , AND AGAIN , AND AGAIN , AND AGAIN !!!! YOU DON'T HAVE TO HOLD ON TO THOSE FEARS, IF YOU JUST TAKE ONE STEP AT A TIME. NOT TO SAY THAT ONE DAY THOSE FEARS ARE GOING TO COMPLETELY DISAPPEAR ,,,, BUT CAN YOU FORGIVE THOSE WHO HAVE HURT YOU????? BECAUSE THAT'S WHERE HEALING STARTS..... !!!!!!!!!!!!

ABOUT ME

I can do everything through him who gives me strength." - Philippians 4:13. (life is beautiful, no matter what is going on the road. If it starts good or bad ... You will always find a solution anyway. I don't care what people think of me at least I am happy with my people, that many people don't know about what happened in my life, they are just as audiences and critics and as a complement of a life, because that is my life. I believe what I did was best for me, for the people around me and for my future.)

RIP

selamat jalan kakek(dari ayah) dan opung(dari mama) walaupun saya belum bisa membuat kalian berdua bangga kepada saya,tapi saya yakin someday kalian akan melihat saya menjadi seseorang dinegri ini dan dikenal di negri ini. saya janji semua impian saya akan saya capai dan saya akan buktikan kepada dunia saya BISA!!!! terimakasih untuk semua pembelajaran dan nasihat yang engkau terapkan kepada diriku,sehingga aku bisa seperti ini. engkau berdua akan selalu menjadi bagian dalam langkah-langkah aku mencapai semua impian aku.